Just a minor list of captive portal providers.
These are the ones I can safely recommend, unless you have a reason not to use them.
The default connectivity checker for /e/ OS, hosted at Scaleway, Netherlands. Not as reliable as the other checkers in my experience.
Connectivity check URLs :
Connectivity check IP : 51.91.138.20 (IPv4)
The default connectivity checker for GrapheneOS, unless you've toggled the connectivity check setting to use Go-ogle's servers. Pretty reliable in my personal experience, but this is one of the longer ones to type in.
Connectivity check URLs :
A connectivity checker owned & provided by Mike Kuketz, a German security researcher. So far, this is the connectivity checker I use the most, since it's the most reliable (and also the least bothersome to type in).
Connectivity check URLs :
Connectivity check IP : 185.163.119.132 (IPv4)
Ones you must avoid for various reasons, such as privacy invasive, questionable trustworthiness, questionable uptime, etc.
The default captive portal provider for literally every ROMs except for a select few (/e/ default, Graphene default).
Connectivity check URLs (in case you'd like to block them) :